2. 常见组蛋白修饰
常见组蛋白修饰及其生物学功能
- 组蛋白修饰对染色质结构和基因表达具有重要的作用和影响，了解目前已经报道的组蛋白修饰对基因表达影响，能够对基因表达相关课题研究提供很好的帮助。
- 以下是一些常见的组蛋白修饰：
| H2A | 修饰类型 | 生物学功能 | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| H2AS1P | Mitosis; chromatin assembly | 1 | |
| H2AK4/5ac | Transcriptional activation | 2 | |
| H2AK7ac | Transcriptional activation | 3 | |
| H2AK119P | Spermatogenesis | 4 | |
| H2AK119ub | Transcriptional repression | 5 | |
| H2B | 修饰类型 | 生物学功能 | References |
| H2BS14P | Apoptosis | 1 | |
| H2BS33P | Transcriptional activation | 2 | |
| H2BK5ac | Transcriptional activation | 3 | |
| H2BK11/12ac | Transcriptional activation | 4 | |
| H2BK15/16ac | Transcriptional activation | 5 | |
| H2BK20ac | Transcriptional activation | 6 | |
| H2BK120ub | Spermatogenesis/meiosis | 7 | |
| H2BK123ub | Transcriptional activation | 8 | |
| H3 | 修饰类型 | 生物学功能 | References |
| **H3K4me2 ** | Permissive euchromatin | 1 | |
| H3K4me3 | Transcriptional elongation; active euchromatin | 2, 3, 4, 5 | |
| H3K9me3 | Transcriptional repression; imprinting; DNA methylation | 6, 7 | |
| H3R17me | Transcriptional activation | 8, 9 | |
| H3K27me3 | Transcriptional silencing; X-inactivation; bivalent genes/gene poising | 10 | |
| H3K36me3 | Transcriptional elongation | 11 | |
| H3K4ac | Transcriptional activation | 12 | |
| H3K9ac | Histone deposition; transcriptional activation | 13 | |
| H3K14ac | Transcriptional activation; DNA repair | 14 | |
| H1K18ac | Transcriptional activation; DNA repair; DNA replication | 15 | |
| H3K23ac | Transcriptional activation; DNA repair | 16 | |
| H3K27ac | Transcriptional activation | ||
| H3T3P | Mitosis | ||
| H3S10P | Mitosis; meiosis; transcriptional activation | 17 | |
| H3T11/S28P | Mitosis | ||
| H4 | 修饰类型 | 生物学功能 | References |
| H4R3me | Transcriptional activation | 1 | |
| H4K20me1 | Transcriptional silencing | 2 | |
| H4K20me3 | Heterochromatin | 3 | |
| H4K5ac | Histone deposition; transcriptional activation; DNA repair | 4, 5 | |
| H4K8ac | Transcriptional activation; DNA repair; transcriptional elongation | 6, 7 | |
| H4K12ac | Histone deposition; telomeric silencing; transcriptional activation; DNA repair | 8, 9 | |
| H4K16ac | Transcriptional activation; DNA repair | 10, 11, 12 | |
| H4S1P | Mitosis | 13 |